Aldehyde/Ketone Unknown Candidates

Aldehydes

				MP of derivative, ^oC
Compound	Synonym	BP, ^oC	MP, ^oC	2,4-DNP	Semi-carbazone
formaldehyde	methanal	-21	-91	167	169
acetaldehyde	ethanal	20	-124	168	162
propionaldehyde	propanal	49	-81	148	89
glyoxal	ethanedial	50	15	328	270
acrolein	propenal	52	-87	165	171
isobutyraldehyde	2-methylpropionaldehyde	64	-66	182	126
2-methyl-2-propenal	a -methylacrolein	74		206	198
butanal	n-butyraldehyde	75		123	106
pivaldehyde = 2,2-dimethylpropanal	trimethylacetaldehyde	75		209	190
3-methylbutanal	isovaleraldehyde	92		123	107
2-methylbutanal	a -methybutyraldehyde	93		120	103
chloral hydrate	trichloroacetaldehyde	98	53	131	90d
2-butenal	crotonaldehyde	103		190	199
pentanal	valeraldehyde	103		107
2-ethylbutanal	a -ethyl-n-butyraldehyde	116		130	99
hexanal = caproaldehyde	hexaldehyde	131		104	106
heptanal	heptaldehyde	156		108	109
furfural	furfuraldehyde	161		230	202
cyclohexylaldehyde	hexahydrobenzaldehyde	162			173
2-ethylhexanal	a -ethyl-n-caproaldehyde	163		121	254d
1,2,3,6-tetrahydro benzaldehyde		165			154
octanal	caprylaldehyde	171		106	101
benzaldehyde		179		237	222
nonanal	pelargonaldehyde	185		100	100
5-methylfurfural	5-methylfurfuraldehyde	187		212	211
phenylacetaldehyde		194	34	121	156
o-hydroxybenzaldehyde	salicylaldehyde	197		252d	231
m-tolualdehyde	m-methylbenzaldehyde	199		211	213
o-tolualdehyde	o-methylbenzaldehyde	200		195	208
p-tolualdehyde	o-methylbenzaldehyde	204		234	221
citronellal		206		77	82
o-iodobenzaldehyde		206	37		206
decanal	capraldehyde	208		104	102
o-chlorobenzaldehyde		208		207	225
m-chlorobenzaldehyde		213	17	248	228
p-chlorobenzaldehyde		214	47	270d	230
phenoxyacetaldehyde		215			145
2-phenylpropionaldehyde	dihydrocinnamaldehyde	224		149	127
citral a	geranial	228		116	164
citral b	neral	228		96	171
m-anisaldehyde	m-methoxybenzaldehyde	230	3		233
m-bromobenzaldehyde	3-bromobenzaldehyde	234			205
p-isopropylbenzaldehyde	cumaldehyde	236		241	211
dodcecyl aldehyde	lauraldehyde	238	45	106	106
o-anisaldehyde	o-methoxybenzaldehyde	246	38	254	215
p-anisaldehyde	p-methoxybenzaldehyde	247		254d	210
o-ethoxybenzaldehyde	2-ethoxybenzaldehyde	248	20		219
cinnamaldehyde	3-phenylpropenal	252	-7	255d	215
a -methylcinnamaldehyde		252			208
3,4-methylenedioxybenzaldehyde	piperonal	264	36	266d	230
1-napthaldehyde	a -napthaldehyde	292	34		221
tetradecanal (C₁₄H₂₈O)	tetradecyl aldehyde		23	108	107
octadecanal (C₁₈H₃₆O)	stearaldehyde		38	110	119
p-diethylaminobenzaldehyde			41		214d
o-nitrobenzaldehyde			44	250	256
3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde	veratraldehyde		44	263	177
o-nitrobenzaldehyde			44	250d	256
2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde			52
2,3-dimethoxybenzaldehyde			54	264d	231
o-phthaladehyde	benzene o-dicarboxaldehyde		56
m-iodobenzaldehyde			57		226
m-nitrobenzaldehyde			58	293d	246
2-napthaldehyde	b -napthaldehyde		60	270	245
p-bromobenzaldehyde			67	128	228
2,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde			69
2,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde			72
p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde			74	325	222
4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde	vanillin		81	271d	230
phenylglyoxal hydrate			91		217
m-hydroxybenzaldehyde			104	260d	198
p-nitrobenzaldehyde			106	320d	221
2,3-dihydroxybenzaldehyde			108		226
p-hydroxybenzaldehyde			115	280d	224
terephthaldicarboxaldehyde	terephthaldehyde		116
glyceraldehyde			142	167	160d
3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde	protocatechualdehyde		153	275d	230d
3,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde			157		223

d = decomposes on melting

Ketones

				MP of derivative, ^oC
Compound	Synonym	BP, ^oC	MP, ^oC	2,4-DNP	Semi-carbazone
acetone (= dimethyl ketone)	2-propanone	56		126	187
butanone	ethyl methyl ketone	80		117	146
3-butene-2-one	methyl vinyl ketone	81			141
2,3-butanedione	biacetyl	88		314	278
3-methyl-2-butanone	isopropyl methyl ketone	94		120	113
2-pentanone	n-propyl methyl ketone	102		144	112
3-pentanone	diethyl ketone	102		156	139
3,3-dimethyl-2-butanone	t-butyl methyl ketone = pinacolone	106		125	158
chloroacetone		119		125	164
4-methyl-2-pentanone	isobutyl methyl ketone	119		95	135
2,4-dimethyl-3-pentanone	di-isopropyl ketone	125		95	160
2-hexanone	n-butyl methyl ketone	129		110	122
5-hexene-2-one		129		108	102
4-methyl-3-pentene-2-one	mesityl oxide	130		203	164
cyclopentanone		131		146	203
4-hexene-3-one		139			157
2,4-pentanedione	acetylacetone	139		209	122
2-methylcyclopentanone		139			184
4-heptanone	di-n-propyl ketone	145		75	133
5-methyl-2-hexanone	isoamyl methyl ketone	145		95	147
3-hydroxy-2-butanone	acetoin	145		318	185
1-hydroxy-2-propanone	acetol	146		129	196
3-heptanone	n-butyl ethyl ketone	148			103
2-heptanone	n-pentyl methyl ketone	151		89	127
cyclohexanone		156		162	167
5-methyl-3-heptanone		160			102
6-methyl-3-heptanone	isoamyl ethyl ketone	160			132
3,5-dimethyl-4-heptanone	di-sec-butyl ketone	162			83
2-methylcyclohexanone		163		137	195
4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone	diacetone alcohol	166		202
2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanone	di-isobutyl ketone	168		66 or 92	122
4-methylcyclohexanone		169		130	199
methyl acetoacetate	acetoacetic acid methyl ester	170			152
3-metyhlcyclohexanone		170		155	179
2-octanone	n-hexyl methyl ketone	173		58	123
methyl cyclohexyl ketone		180		140	177
ethyl acetoacetate		181		93	133
cycloheptanone		181		148	163
5-nonanone	di-n-butyl ketone	186		41	90
hexane-2,5-dione = acetonylacetone	2,6-hexanedione	188		255	220
2,6-dimethyl-2,5-heptadien-4-one	phorone	198	28	112	186
acetophenone	methyl phenyl ketone	200		250	198
menthone		209		146	189
o-methylacetophenone	methyl o-tolyl ketone	214		159	203
methyl 2-thienyl ketone	2-acetylthiophene	214			191
1,5,5-trimethylcyclohexene-3-one	isophorone	215		130	200d
o-hydroxyacetophenone	2-hydroxyacetophenone	215	28		210
phenylacetone	benzyl methyl ketone	216	27	156	198
propiophenone	ethyl phenyl ketone	218	20	191	174
m-methylacetophenone	methyl m-toluyl ketone	220		207	200
isobutyrophenone	isopropyl phenyl ketone	222		163	181
pulegone		224		142	174
p-methylacetophenone	methyl p-tolyl ketone	226	28	258	205
6-undecanone	di-n-amyl ketone	226
1-phenyl-2-butanone	benzyl ethyl ketone	226			135
1-phenoxy-2-propanone	phenoxyacetone	229			173
o-chloroacetophenone	o-chlorophenyl methyl ketone	229			160
carvone		230		191	142
n-butyrophenone	phenyl n-propyl ketone	230	12	190	191
p-chloro acetophenone	p-chlorophenyl methyl ketone	232		231	201
4-phenyl-2-butanone	methyl b -phenylethyl ketone	235			142
m-methoxyacetophenone	methyl m-methoxyphenyl ketone	240
n-valerophenone	n-butyl phenyl ketone	242		166	166
o-methoxyacetophenone	methyl o-methoxyphenyl ketone	245			183
2,4,6-trimethylacetophenone	acetomesitylene	245
p-methoxy propiophenone			28
7-tridecanone	di-n-hexyl ketone		33
1,3-diphenyl-2-propanone	dibenzyl ketone		34	100	145
p-chloro propiophenone	p-chlorophenyl ethyl ketone		36		176
p-methoxyacetophenone	methyl p-methoxyphenyl ketone		38	220	197
4-phenyl-3-butene-2-one	benzalacetone		41	227	187
1-indanone	a -hydrindone		42	258	233
benzophenone	diphenyl ketone		48	239	167
phenacyl bromide	a -bromoacetophenone		50		146
p-bromo acetophenone	p-bromophenyl methyl ketone		51	233	208
methyl 2-napthyl ketone	2-acetonapthone		54	262	234
4-methylbenzophenone	phenyl p-tolyl ketone		55	199	121
2-indanone			58		218
phenacyl chloride	a -chloroacetophenone		59	212	156
p-methylbenzophenone	methyl p-tolyl ketone		60	202	121
deoxybenzoin	benzyl phenyl ketone		60	204	148
1,1-diphenyl-2-propanone	1,1-diphenylacetone		61		170
1-phenyl-1,3-butanedione	1-benzoylacetone		61	151
p-methoxybenzophenone	4-methoxybenzophenone		62	180
1,3-diphenyl-1-propene-3-one	chalcone ( = benzalacetophenone)		62	245	168 or 180
2-phenylcyclohexanone			63	139	190
1,3-dihydroxyacetone			72	277
3-acetylphenanthrene			72		230
9-acetylphenanthrene			74		201
(+)-3-bromocamphor	(+)-a -bromocamphor		76
1,3-diphenyl-1,3-propanedione	dibenzoylmethane		78		205
p-chlorobenzophenone	4-chlorobenzophenone		78	185
m-nitroacetophenone	m-nitrophenyl methyl ketone		81	228	257
p-bromobenzophenone	4-bromobenzophenone		82	230	350
fluorenone			83	283	234
benzil	1,2-diphenylethanedione		95	189	174 or 244
m-hydroxyacetophenone	3-hydroxyacetophenone		96	261	189
a -bromo-p-chloro acetophenone	p-chlorophenacyl bromide		97
m-aminoacetophenone	3-amonoacetophenone		99		196(d)
p-aminoacetophenone	4-aminoacetophenone		106	266	250
p-hydroxyacetophenone	4-hydroxyacetophenone		109	210	199
a ,p-dibromoacetophenone	p-bromophenacyl bromide		108
1,5-diphenyl-3-pentadienone	dibenzalacetone		112	180	187
quinone	benzoquinone		116	231	243
1,4-napthoquinone	a -napthoquinone		120	278	247
a -bromo-p-phenylacetophenone	p-phenylphenacyl bromide		125
benzoin			133	245	205
furoin			135	217
p-hydroxybenzophenone	4-hydroxybenzophenone		135	242	194
1,2-napthoquinone	b -napthoquinone		145		184
2,4-dihydroxyacetophenone	2,4-dihydroxyphenyl methyl ketone		147		218
4,4’-dichlorobenzophenone	di-p-chlorophenyl ketone		147	238
p-hydroxypropiophenone	ethyl p-hydroxyphenyl ketone		148	229
benzanthrone			170
2,3,4-trihydroxyacetophenone	gallacetophenone		173		225
xanthone			174
camphor		209	179	177	247
camphorquinone	camphoroquinone		199	36 or 190	236 or147
phenanthrenequinone	9,10-phenanthraquinone		207	220	312

d = decomposes on melting

For finding structures to these compounds the Aldrich IR Library provides a structure along with each spectrum, If the entry is not in the Aldrich, the Handbook’s "Physical Constants of Organic Compounds" section is indexed to the following section "Structural Formulas of Organic Compounds."

References:

Weast, R.C. Handbook of Tables for Organic Compound Identification, 3rd ed. CRC Press: Cleveland, 1967

Chreonis, N.D. and Entrikin, J.B. Semimicro Qualitative Organic Analysis, 2nd Ed. Interscience: New York, 1960.

Shriner, T.L., Curtin, D.Y., Fuson, R.C. and Morrill, T.C. The Systematic Identification of Organic Compounds 6th Ed. John Wiley: New York, 1980

The "Handbook": Weast, R.D. Handbook of Chemistry and Physics; The Chemical Rubber Co.: Cleveland, OH, 1960-present.

The "Aldrich IR Library": Pouchert, C.J. The Aldrich Library of Infrared Spectra; Aldrich Chemical Co. Milwaukee: 1970-present.

Rev. Winter, 1997